Analysis on the change of hospitalization rate in China from 2009 to 2019 / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the changes of hospitalization rates in different regions, medical institutions and populations in China from 2009 to 2019, so as to provide reference for the country to make relevant decisions.Methods:The data of China′s health statistical yearbook from 2009 to 2019 were obtained, and the changes of hospitalization rate and the number of hospitalizations per 100 outpatient and emergency admissions in different regions and medical institutions, and hospitalization rate of different populations and different diseases were analyzed. Descriptive analysis and frequency analysis were used.Results:The hospitalization rate in China continued to rise, from 9.95% in 2009 to 19.03% in 2019. Among them, the hospitalization rate in the eastern, central and western regions increased from 9.7%, 9.9% and 10.8% to 17.0%, 19.3% and 21.5% respectively, with an average annual growth rate of 5.8%, 6.9% and 7.1% respectively. The number of inpatients in public hospitals increased by 1.2 times and that in private hospitals increased by 4.5 times. The number of inpatients in tertiary, secondary and primary hospitals and primary medical institutions increased by 292.9%, 80.8%, 166.4% and 4.5% respectively.From 2009 to 2018, the number of hospitalizations per 100 outpatient and emergency admissions in the hospital increased from 4.5 to 5.7, and decreased to 5.6 in 2019. The increase of hospitalization rate of urban residents was less than that of rural residents. The hospitalization rate of residents aged 0-4 and ≥55 years increased the fastest. In recent years, the discharge diseases were mainly common diseases, chronic diseases and frequently occurring diseases, including pneumonia, acute upper respiratory tract infection, diabetes, and hypertension.Conclusions:During the ten years of medical reform, the hospitalization rate in China has continued to rise, and the overall trend is reasonable. There are significant differences in the changes of hospitalization rates between urban and rural areas, regions and populations in China.

Evaluation by fractal dimension of muscle regeneration after photobiomodulation / Avaliação por meio da dimensão fractal da regeneração muscular após fotobiomodulação

Abstract Introduction: Many treatment modalities are used for muscle tissue recovery. Photobiomodulation is a modality that can be employed to improve the quality of tissue repair. The use of fractal dimension (FD) is an innovative methodology in the quantitative evaluation of treatment efficacy. Objective: Use FD as a quantitative analysis method to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation of 904 nanometers (nm) in the initial phase of the muscle regeneration process. Method: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control Group (CG), Injured and Untreated Group (IUT), and Injured and Treated Group (IT). Muscle injury was induced by cryoinjury in the central region of the anterior tibial (AT) belly of the left posterior limb. This was performed by an iron rod that was previously immersed in liquid nitrogen. Applications started 24 hours after the injury and occurred daily for five days. They were performed at two points in the lesion area. The rats were euthanized on the seventh day. The AT muscles were removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Then, the histological sections were stained using the Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) technique and submitted to FD analysis performed by the box-counting method using ImageJ software. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for data normality, and the Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's post-test were used for group comparison (p<0.05%). Results: Differences between IT and IUT groups were statistically significant, and it was possible to observe the reduction of fractability with p=0.0034. Conclusion: FD is a useful tool for the analysis of skeletal muscle disorganization in the initial phase of regeneration and confirms the potentially beneficial effects of photobiomodulation to this process.

Resumo Introdução: Diversas modalidades de tratamento são utilizadas para recuperação do tecido muscular, dentre elas a fotobiomodulação pode ser empregada para melhorar a qualidade da regeneração e a dimensão fractal se apresenta como uma metodologia inovadora na avaliação quantitativa da eficácia do tratamento. Objetivo: Utilizar a dimensão fractal como método de análise quantitativa do efeito do Laser de Arseneto de Gálio (AsGa) na fase inicial do processo de regeneração muscular. Método: Foram utilizados trinta ratos Wistar, machos divididos em: Grupo Controle (CT), Grupo lesado e não tratado (LNT) e Grupo Lesado e tratado (LT). A lesão muscular foi induzida por criolesão na região central do ventre do músculo tibial anterior (TA) do membro posterior esquerdo, por meio de uma haste de ferro previamente imersa em nitrogênio líquido. As aplicações foram iniciadas 24 horas após a lesão, diariamente, durante cinco dias, em dois pontos na área da lesão. No sétimo dia os animais foram eutanasiados; o músculo TA retirado, congelado em nitrogênio líquido e os cortes histológicos corados com a técnica de Hematoxilina-Eosina para serem então submetidos à análise de dimensão fractal realizada pelo método boxcounting através do software Image J. Para a normalidade dos dados utilizou-se Kolmogorov Smirnov, para as comparações teste de Kruskall-Wallis com pós teste de Dunn (p<0,05%). Resultados: A comparação entre LT e LNT foi estatisticamente significativa, sendo possível observar a redução da fractabilidade com p=0,0034. Conclusão: A dimensão fractal é uma ferramenta útil para análise da desorganização músculo esquelética na fase inicial da regeneração e mostra o potencial efeito benéfico da fotobiomodulação nesse processo.

Comparison of VEGF-A, PDGF and PEDF levels in aqueous humor and serum of patients with neovascular glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To quantitatively measure and evaluate the VEGF-A, platelet derived growth factor(PDGF)and pigment epithelium derired factor(PEDF)in the aqueous humor of patients with neovascular glaucoma(NVG). <p>METHODS: Prospectively clinical study. This study involved 23 eyes of 23 patients with advanced NVG and 23 control subjects with age related cataract. Protein concentrations of VEGF-A, PDGF and PEDF in aqueous humor and plasma were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)tests. <p>RESULTS: The VEGF-A and PDGF concentrations in aqueous humor from NVG patients were(1130.56±69.32)ng/L and(221.95±56.08)ng/L, respectively. Both of them were significantly higher than control subject(226.45±37.46)ng/L,(36.25±7.12)ng/L(<i>P</i><0.01). Aqueous PEDF was significantly lower in the NVG group(195.69±42.00)ng/L than that in controls(497.89±12.52)ng/L(<i>P</i><0.01). However, levels of VEGF-A, PDGF and PEDF in the serum of NVG were(226.45±37.46)ng/L,(29.57±6.31)ng/L and(13.24±1.76)ng/L, respectively, which were similar with control subjects(219±34.89)ng/L,(28.28±7.24)ng/L and(12.96±2.08)ng/L(<i>P</i>>0.05). The concentrations of VEGF-A were closely positive correlated with levels of PDGF in the aqueous humor of patients with NVG(<i>r</i>=0.502, <i>P</i>=0.015). However, the concentrations of VEGF-A were closely negative correlated with levels of PEDF in the aqueous humor of patients with NVG(<i>r</i>=-0.480, <i>P</i>=0.020). <p>CONCLUSION: There were higher levels of VEGF-A and PDGF, and lower level of PEDF in the aqueous humor of patients with NVG. There was a positive correlation between VEGF-A and PDGF, a negative correlation between VEGF-A and PEDF. The combination of anti-VEGF agent, PDGF inhibitor and PEDF may provide a new idea for the treatment of NVG.

Analysis of lens of 1720 medical application radiology workers in Hangzhou / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To analyze the lens opacity of some hospitals in Hangzhou to provide evidence for further improvement of radiation protection.@*Methods@#Physical examination data of 1720 radiological workers who underwent occupational disease physical examination in our hospital on January1, 2016and December 31, 2017 were collected. Lens turbidity, gender, age, type of work, radiological working age and other influencing factors were statistically analyzed, and logistic regression analysis was used for multipactor analysis.@*Results@#A total of 112 cases of lens turbidity (turbidity rate 6.51%) , after lens turbidity, subcapsular majority (64 cases (57.14%) ) ; lens turbidity increased with age, and showed an increasing trend of radiation working age; the lens turbidity rate was different in different types of work, including nuclear medicine (23.33%) 、radiology (6.76%) 、interventional radiology (6.06%) 、dental radiology (4.26%) and radiotherapy (4.21%) . Type of work、age and length of service are risk factors for lens opacity; Age and type of work were independent risk factors for lens opacity.@*Conclusion@#The turbidity of lens of radiologcial workers is related to age and workering age. Radiological workers engaged in nuclear medicine should strictly strengthen radiation protection.

Distribuição espacial e evolução temporal da incidência da dengue e sua correlação com variáveis entomológicas e climáticas em um município brasileiro de tríplice fronteira / Spacial distribution and temporal evolution of dengue incidence and it's correlation with entomological and climatic variables in a brasilian city of triple border

A dengue é considerada uma das mais importantes arboviroses reemergentes em termos de morbidade, letalidade e implicações econômicas e ocorre em todas as regiões tropicais e subtropicais do planeta. tem demonstrado tendência ascendente, devido as suas condições ambientais, climáticas e a ineficiência das políticas públicas. No município em estudo nos últimos dez anos a cidade sofreu várias epidemias de dengue com aumento dos casos graves, hospitalizações e óbitos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a distribuição espacial e a evolução temporal da incidência da dengue e sua correlação com variáveis entomológicas e climáticas em um município brasileiro de tríplice fronteira, no período de agosto de 2006 a julho de 2016. O estudo foi desenvolvido na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu. Foram feitas as análises descritivas, espaciais, temporais e analíticas, seguidas de testes de regressão linear simples para avaliar a correlação entre as variáveis, utilizando o programa estatístico "R". Foram avaliados a correlação entre a variáveis incidência da dengue e fatores climáticos e entomológicos para os anos epidêmicos e não epidêmicos em relação ao mesmo mês, um, dois e três meses antes da ocorrência da incidência da doença. Os dados foram coletados de fontes secundárias dos Sistemas de Informações em Saúde, disponibilizados pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. A base territorial geográfica utilizada foi a unidade de estrato. Os resultados mostraram que os anos epidêmicos apresentou 60% do período estudado. A incidência da doença nos anos epidêmicos foi alta, ultrapassando a 1000 casos/100 mil/habitantes e acometeu todas as regiões da cidade. Os resultados dos testes de regressão, apresentaram correlação negativa da dengue com índice de infestação Predial, para os anos epidêmicos, e positiva para os anos não epidêmicos com intervalo de dois e três meses. houve correlação positiva da dengue para os anos de epidemia com o índice de infestação do mosquito adulto, com intervalo de três meses, com a umidade relativa do ar em período simultâneo, dias de chuvas, média da temperatura média e média da temperatura máxima, com intervalo de um e dois meses, pluviosidade com intervalos de um, dois e três meses. Sendo assim pode inferir que o índice e infestação predial é fraco em estimar o risco de transmissão da doença, embora seja preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde para esse fim. O clima foi um dos principais fatores a responderem pela incidência da dengue. O intervalo de três meses, em relação ao início das epidemias, mostrou-se o período mais oportuno para realizar as ações de controle do vetor. Conclui-se que os resultados desta pesquisa podem contribuir proporcionado a precocidade da informação e viabilizando a tomada de decisão em tempo oportuno de forma a focalizar as áreas de maior risco e desta forma otimizar o serviço de campo e a prevenção das doenças causadas pelo Aedes aegypti

Dengue is considered one of the most important reemerging arboviruses in terms of morbidity, lethality and economic implications and occurs in all tropical and subtropical regions of the planet. has shown an upward trend due to its environmental, climatic conditions and the inefficiency of public policies. In the city under study in the last ten years the city suffered several epidemics of dengue with an increase in severe cases, hospitalizations and deaths. The objective of this research was to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of dengue incidence and its correlation with entomological and climatic variables in a Brazilian municipality of triple border, from August 2006 to July 2016. The study was developed in the city of Foz do Iguaçu. Descriptive, spatial and temporal analyzes were performed, followed by simple linear regression tests to evaluate the correlation between the variables, using the statistical program "R". The correlation between the variables dengue incidence and climatic and entomological factors for the epidemic and non-epidemic years in relation to the same month, one, two and three months before the occurrence of the disease was evaluated. Data were collected from secondary sources of the Health Information Systems, made available by the Municipal Health Department. The geographic territorial base used was the stratum unit. The results showed that the epidemic years presented 60% of the studied period. The incidence of the disease in the epidemic years was high, surpassing 1000 cases / 100 thousand / inhabitants and affected all regions of the city. The results of the regression tests showed a negative correlation of dengue with Predial infestation index for the epidemic years and positive for the non - epidemic years with two - and three - month intervals. there was a positive correlation between dengue in the epidemic years and the adult mosquito infestation index, with a three-month interval, with the relative humidity of the air in the same period, rainy days, average temperature and mean maximum temperature, with interval of one and two months, rainfall with intervals of one, two and three months. Therefore, it can be inferred that the index and land infestation is weak in estimating the risk of transmission of the disease, although it is recommended by the Ministry of Health for this purpose. The climate was one of the main factors responding to the incidence of dengue. The three-month interval, in relation to the beginning of the epidemics, proved to be the most opportune period to carry out the vector control actions. It is concluded that the results of this research can contribute to the precocity of information and enable decision making in a timely manner in order to focus on the areas of greatest risk and thus optimize the field service and prevention of diseases caused by Aedes aegypti

Etiology analysis of blindness and low vision in Yanta distrist of Xi'an city / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the leading causes of blindness and low vision in Yanta district of Xi'an city in 2015. <p>METHODS:Totally 340 cases of vision impaired patients who were authenticated in our hospital in 2015 were analyzed in this research.<p>RESULTS: The leading causes of blindness and low vision were high myopia(24.7%), glaucoma(13.5%), diabetic retinopathy(11.8%), macular degeneration(9.7%)and keratopathy(5.3%). <p>CONCLUSION: The most important reasons of visual disability in Yanta district of Xi'an city were high myopia, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Since all the causes are avoidable, a planned prevention is highly recommended to decrease the prevalence of avoidable blindness.

Evaluation and analysis of the rational utilizationofopioids in hospitalized patients with cancer pain in our hospital / 药学实践杂志

Objective To evaluate opioids utilization of cancer ached inpatients in the integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine hospital and provide suggestion for the rational utilization of opioids .Method DDDs ,DUI ,the distribution of cancer pain ,pain scores of the discharged patients and the utility of opioids were evaluated and analyzed by retrieving the medi-cal records from January in 2013 to December in 2014 .Results 292 medical records were selected and analyzed .Among them , 89 patients′pain score≥3 .The top opioids of DDDs were sufentanil citrate injection and fentanyl derivatives ,which is the main medication in treating the cancer pain patients .And the irrationaluseof fentanyl transdermal system was a common phenomenon among different departments .Conclusion Theutilization of opioids was basically rational ,but there still had some deficiencies . The intervention and management of narcotic drugs should be strengthened and deepened .

Analyze of the False Positive Rate of Serum Anti Treponema Pallidum Specific Antibody of 26 707 Cases Detected by Chemiluminescence Method / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To detect serum anti-Treponema pallidum specific antibody of 26 707 cases by Abbott I2000SR auto-matic chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay analyzer,and treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) was regarded as a standard reference method which was used to detect anti-Treponema pallidum specific antibody.To analyze the false positive rate of Abbott I2000SR according to the TPPA.Methods Collected 26 707 serums from inpatients and outpatients of the hospital during September 1,2013 to March 5,2014.The subjects were asked to fasting conditions taking venous blood 3 ml,3 000 r/min centrifugal 10 min utes after the separation of serum,detected the Anti-TP by CMIA (Ab-bott I2000SR)and the TPPA testing,analyzed test results by statistical methods.Results There were 52 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of 26 707 cases of serum Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were 1 to 2,of which 9 cases were verified positive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 17.31%.There were 26 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were 2 to 3,of which 9 cases were verified positive by TPPA,and the posi-tive rate was 34.62%.There were 26 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific anti-bodies were 3 to 5,of which 9 cases were verified positive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 34.62%.There were 25 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were 5 to 7,of which 11 cases were veri-fied positive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 44%.There were 25 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were 7 to 10,of which 17 cases were verified positive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 68%.There were 28 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were 10to 13,of which 24 cases were verified positive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 85.71%.There were 23 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were 13 to 17,of which 20 cases were verified posi-tive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 86.96%.There were 24 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Trepone-ma pallidum specific antibodies were 17 to 21,of which 22 cases were verified positive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 91.67%.There were 29 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were 21 to 26,of which 28 cases were verified positive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 96.55%.There were 104 cases detected by I2000SR whose S/CO values of Treponema pallidum specific antibodies were above 26,of which 104 cases were verified posi-tive by TPPA,and the positive rate was 100%.The total number of positive cases were 364,of which 254 were positive ca-ses,the positive rate was 69.78%.False positive rate was 0.42% and positive predictive value was 69.78%.Conclusion Abbott I2000SR automated chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay analyzer has the feature of automated detection, closed reagents,simple operation,speed,and more accurate results and so on.Although high sensitivity but its results have false positive,so cannot diagnose based on the results of Abbott I2000SR,and need use of the TPPA to test and corroborate.

Analysis on structure and principle of Siemens blood cell analyzer and the optical calibration method / 中国医学装备

Objective:To have more comprehensive and objective understanding of 2120i blood cell analyzer and find an optical calibration method for ISO15189 approval to ensure the accuracy of the results detected by the analyzer.Methods: Analyzing the principle and structure of the instrument, calibrating the analyzer according to the steps and method obtained by adjustment of optical calibration and correction coefficient, and using the correction fluid to verify the reliability of test results.Results: The optical calibration methods meet the requirement of ISO15189 approval. The optical system is in good working condition and the detection results are reliable. Conclusion: The optical system is the core part of the instrument. Optical calibration plays important role in ISO15189 approval. The optical calibration method can meet the requirements of clinical examination; and also can solve some problems existed in the process of instrument calibration and use. It guarantees the reliability of detection results and also meets the requirements of optical calibration in ISO15189 approval.

Theme clusters and evolutions of research on medical protection against nerve agents / 军事医学

Objective To find the course of theme evolution for study of medical protection against nerve agents.Meth-ods A method of information visualization based on co-cited analysis was used.The research domain of medical protection against nerve agents was mapped using software VOSviewer.Results There were five research clusters including clinical research, oxime reactivators, detoxification and detection,and bioscavengers.Conclusion Theme evolution is described and research trends are predicted.

Study of DNA methylated Gene in acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the regulatory networks of DNA methylation profiles in STEMI by methylation microarrays.Methods A total often male patients with STEMI and ten male healthy controls were recruited.Methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation and Nimblegen HG18 Meth 385K promoter plus CpG island microarrays were used to identify differentially methylated regions.And several bioinformatics analysis tools which included chromosomal assignment, gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis with SignalMap and The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery were used to high-throughput analysis.Results Compared with healthy controls, DMRs of STEMI is 1 634, There are 1 480 (90.57％), 131 (8.02％) and23 (1.41％) methylated sites were separately located on High CpG-containing promoter, Intermediate CpG-containing promoter and Low CpG-containing promoter;Gene Ontology and Pathway analysis expressed DNA methylated genes of signaling pathway in MI identified glycerophespholipid metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, regulation of actin cyteskeleton, calcium signaling pathway.However, the signal pathway about lipid metabolism is shown no significant difference.Conclusions Bioinformatics tools could provide the quick and high-throughput analysis of data from methylation microarray and enable the function classification of differentially expressed genes of STEMI.

The analysis and countermeasure of adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine injection for the treatment of cardio-and cerebro-vascular disease / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To summarize adverse reactions of common traditional Chinese medicine injection for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and put forward the countermeasures.Methods Adverse reactions of common traditional Chinese medicine injection for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were arranged,and the reasons were analyzed.Results Adverse reactions were mainly skin and cardiovascular system diseases and so on,and were related with the quality of medicinal material,preparation process,and so on.Conclusion We should strengthen every link of production,from the medicinal plant to clinical use,improve the quality of traditional Chinese medicine injection,and strengthen the supervision to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and ensure drug safety.

Analysis of an investigation result of human Brucellosis in Qinghai Province in 2012 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective Though analyzing the epidemiological trend of human Brucellosis in Qinghai Province in 2012, to provide a advice for Brucellosis prevention and control. Methods Brucellosis investigation was carried out on key populations aged 7-60 years who were keeping in touch with livestock in Ping’an County, Haiyan County, Tianjun County, Dari County, Jiuzhi County, Henan County, and three or four towns were selected as investigation sites in each county; then serological test was done with the methods of the rose bengal plate agglutination test(RBPT), standard tube agglutination test(SAT) and Coombs; diagnosis was based on “Diagnostic Criteria for Brucellosis”( WS 269-2007 ) . Results A total of 4 253 people in the 6 counties were investigated;the positive rate of RBPT was 2.92%(124/4 253); the positive rate of SAT was 0.85%(36/4 253), while the Coombs was 0.05%(2/4 253), totally infected people was 124, the infection rate was 2.92%(124/4 253); the number of patients was 71, the prevalence rate was 1.67%(71/4 253); and new cases were 68. Conclusions Prevalence of human Brucellosis in Qinghai Province is active in some local areas. We should strengthen health education of occupational population, improve people’s ability of prevention and control, and control prevalence of Human epidemic situation.

Analysis of 740 Suiqian children′s mental health status of Chongqing / 重庆医学

Objective To explore Chongqing migrant workers Suiqian children′s mental health status and related factors .Meth-ods In this study 740 children from grade 7 to grade 9 in 3 schools which specify recruit migrant workers′children ,including the 399 migration children of migrant workers and 341 urban household registration students were involved .They were investigated with symptom rating scale(SCL-90) and self-made general questionnaire .Results There were no significant differences in SCL-90 scores between the migrant workers migration children group and urban household registration students group (P>0 .05) .Conclu-sion Generally speaking ,Chongqing migrant workers Suiqian children′s mental health status is good ,but there are still some prob-lems .We need do some further study on the mode of psychological intervention to maintain their physical and mental health .

Análisis psicosocial del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes mexicanos / Psychosocial Analysis of Alcohol Consumption in Mexican Adolescents

El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un análisis psicosocial del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes mexicanos, considerando de forma simultánea las variables personales, familiares, escolares y sociales. Se realizó un estudio de tipo explicativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 1.245 adolescentes de ambos sexos, procedentes de dos centros educativos de secundaria y dos de preparatoria, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años. Se realizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que explicó el 66 % de la varianza y se exploró el efecto moderador del género. Los resultados se discuten en función de los estudios más relevantes en la temática de esta investigación.

The objective of the present study was to analyze the psychosocial alcohol consumption in Mexican adolescents, taking into account simultaneously personal, family, school and social variables. The type of study is explanatory. The sample consisted of 1245 adolescents girls and boys form two secondary and preparatory schools, with ages between 12 and 17 years old. A structural equations model explained 66% of the variance and also it was explored the moderating effect of gender. The results are discussed in terms of the relevant studies on the subject of this investigation.

Fenologia reprodutiva do maracujazeiro-azedo no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ / Reproductive phenological of passion fruit in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil

Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a fenologia reprodutiva do maracujazeiro-azedo no período de setembro de 2009 a setembro de 2010, nas condições do município de Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ (21° 45'W; 41°20'S). Avaliaram-se os dados referentes ao florescimento e frutificação, correlacionados com variáveis climatológicas (temperatura e pluviosidade). Uma escala para a avaliação do desenvolvimento dos estádios fenológicos reprodutivos do maracujazeiro-azedo foi proposta, com base em imagens digitalizadas de nove fenofases. Observou-se que o florescimento foi de outubro a março, meses com as maiores temperaturas médias, com pico no mês de janeiro e maior percentagem de frutos maduros no mês de fevereiro. A escala das diferentes fenofases foi útil na caracterização da fenologia reprodutiva do maracujazeiro-azedo. A variável temperatura apresentou alta correlação com o número de flores (0,87), indicando que é um agente fundamental no florescimento do maracujazeiro-azedo.

This research aimed to characterize the reproductive phenological of sour passion fruit from September 2009 to September 2010, in Campos dos Goytacazes city, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil (21° 45'W; 41° 20'S). Data of flowering and fructification were evaluated and correlated with climatologic variables (temperature and rainfall). To evaluate phenological stages a scale was proposed based on digitals images of nine reproductive stages. The scale was useful in passion fruit reproductive phenological characterization. The flowering was of October to March, peak in January, and the peak fructification in February. The temperature showed high correlation with number of flowers (0.87), thus indicating that the temperature has an important effect in flowering of sour passion fruit.

Analysis to inadvisable combination of Chinese material medica recordered in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition and 2010 edition / 国际中医中药杂志

To investigate and analyze inadvisable combination of Chinese materia medica recorded in China Pharmacopeia 2005 edition and 2010 edition, and to provide convenience for physicians and pharmacists in clinical practice.

Traditional Chinese Medical Syndrome Study on Diabetic Nephropathy / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To further discuss the characteristic of diabetic nephropahty,analyze its cause and pathogenesis,and make clear the relation between symptoms and syndrome,and to provide proof for prevention and therapy of this disease.Methods Records of 200 diabetic nephropathy patients treated clinically were collected and SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Science)12.0 was applied for analyzing.According to different conditions of the renal function,We divide the cases into two groups to study the relations between symptoms and syndrome.Results 1.The common symptoms of diabetic nephropathy are heavy body and drowsiness(74%),tired and debilitation(70%),and deficient breath and unwilling to speak(64%).2.The main syndromes of diabetic nephropathy are syndrome of deficiency of Qi、syndrome of yin asthenia,syndrome of dampness-heat blocking in the middle,and syndrome of blood stasis.Conclusion According to the research,the highest frequent appearing syndromes of deficiency were syndrome of Qi deficiency and syndrome of Yin deficiency,while the syndrome of dampness-heat blocking in the middle ranked No.1 in sthema syndromes and then caine the syndrome of blood stasis.However,the syndrome of blood stasis was the most severe,and this syndrome existed from the beginning to the end of this disease.

Analysis of the Use of Antimicrobial Drugs for Inpatient / 医学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the use of antimicrobial drugs in our hospital and provide guide for clinical use of antimicrobial drugs.Methods Tabulate and analyze the usage of antimicrobial drugs according to the discharged patients' medical records from Jan 2004 to Dec 2006.Then use statistical methods for retrospective survey.Results Among 4003 medical records,2756 of them used antibiotics,with the percentage being 68.85%.1103 recodes used combined medication,which accounted for 40.02% of the total records.Type I incision occupied 90.86% in surgical departments.The percentage of the inpatients who used antimicrobial drugs after operation for about five to seven days was 78.85%.For selecting drugs,the majority were empirical antibiotics treatment,which achieved 93.72%.The ratio of irrational use of drugs was 25.90%.Conclusion The clinical use of antimicrobial drugs in our hospital is dramatically lower than the average level of the whole nation.However,non-standardized administrations of medication,super-standardization,super-range use of drugs are still the problems needed to solve.

After Exposure Analysis the Reason to the Immune Unsuccessful Rabies Cases / 医学研究杂志

Objective To analyze the immunization failure factors of 18 exposed rabies.Methods A statistical analysis factors is based on processing the exposed local wounds, the application of anti-serum, vaccines, wound area, incubation period, and compared to immune cases. Results Eighteen people, exposed immunization failure cases, scattered in the rural area(town). Thire age distribution is in all age groups during 2~83 years old and sex ratio of the men and women is 1:0.8.The short incubation period(28 days) accountered for 77.8%(14/18);Among by 61.5% people was bitten in neck accounter for 91.7%(10/12);Nine cases went to the village and town hospital to deal with the wound ,but only one case used rabies virus serums. Vaccines made in China are rat kidney(five cases) and refined Vero(8 cases), at the sane time the other five types made in China were unkown. Conclusions The most effective way to reduce the incidence of short incubation period is to strengthen management and immunization of animals such as dog, and to apply exposed former immunization in the epidemic area. At the same time, the key to reduce exposed immunization failure is exposed dealing in right ways, the muscle injection with anti-virus serums or immune globulin, and application of vaccine.